Depression impacts 280 million people around the world (WHO, 2024). Experts estimate that number to be even larger, given that many people are not diagnosed and do not access mental health care, often due to systemic barriers to services. In the United States, Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) individuals are at a higher risk of depression than their white counterparts. Untreated depression can lead to severe consequences, such as suicide, which is the second leading cause of death for BIPOC youth (Curtin & Heron, 2019). Recent research has highlighted the importance of family-centered interventions for adolescents, both because depression tends to be elevated in family members and because family members can support one another in coping with depression (Marlotte et al., 2023).

Recognizing the signs and symptoms, as well as regular screening, can support early identification and help-seeking behavior. Depression does not always present as sadness; it can manifest as anger, irritability, and/or emptiness. Depression can even show up as guilt, low self-esteem, hopelessness, and worthlessness. Additionally, difficulties with concentration can be a sign of depression, as can changes in sleep and appetite. One tool to assess depression is the free Patient Health Questionnaire, which is becoming more commonly used in healthcare settings like primary care.

Some depression symptoms can be managed through preventative strategies. Restful and adequate sleep, regular exercise, and social support are all protective factors against depression. Spending time in nature, meditation, and music can also have a positive impact on mood. These methods are helpful in reducing or eliminating symptoms. Other depression symptoms may require additional support through therapy and medications.

A few important factors can make a big difference in detecting and treating depression:

  1. Integrate depression screenings as a part of annual physicals
  2. Know and recognize the symptoms of depression
  3. Consider involving families in depression treatment
  4. Engage in proactive strategies, such as getting enough sleep and spending time with trusted loved ones

For more information about depression, check out these resources:

And How Are the Children? Suicidality in Adolescents and Young Adults

Childhood Depression and Anxiety: What a Family Needs to Know

Depression Care for Diverse Individuals From Low-Income Backgrounds

Enhancing Depression Treatment With Behavioral Activation

Living With Major Depressive Disorder: Developing Healthy Habits

Major Depressive Disorder: What to Do When a Loved One Withdraws From Social Connection

References

Curtin S. C., Heron M. (2019). Death rates due to suicide and homicide among persons aged 10–24: United States, 2000–2017. NCHS data brief, no 352. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.

Marlotte, L., Klomhaus, A., Ijadi-Maghsoodi, R., Aralis, H., Lester, P., Griffin Esperon, K., & Kataoka, S. (2023). Implementing depression care in under-resourced communities: a school-based family resilience skill-building pilot randomized controlled trial in the United States. Frontiers in psychology, 14, 1233901. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1233901

World Health Organization. Depressive disorder (depression). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression